PASSIVE VOICE

FUNGSI DARI PASSIVE VOICE

Kalimat pasif atau passive voice digunakan untuk menunjukkan ketertarikan pada seseorang atau objek yang dikenai tindakan dan bukan seseorang atau objek yang melakukan tindakan. Jadi, hal atau orang yang terpenting akan menjadi subjek kalimat.

CONTOH

·         The passive voice is used frequently. (= kita tertarik dengan kalimat pasif, bukan siapa yang menggunakannya.)

·         The house was built in 1654. (= kita tertarik dengan rumahnya, bukan siapa yang membangunnya.)

·         The road is being repaired. (= kita tertarik dengan jalannya, bukan siapa yang melakukan perbaikan.)

Terkadang, kita menggunakan kalimat pasif karena kita tidak mengetahui atau tidak ingin menyatakan siapa yang melakukan tindakan.

CONTOH

·         Every year thousands of people are killed on our roads.

·         All the cookies have been eaten.

·         My car has been stolen!

Kalimat pasif sering digunakan dalam teks formal. Mengubahnya menjadi kalimat aktif akan membuat tulisan Anda lebih jelas dan lebih mudah dibaca.

Pasif	Aktif
A great deal of meaning is conveyed by a few well-chosen words.	A few well-chosen words convey a great deal of meaning.
Our planet is wrapped in a mass of gases.	A mass of gases wrap around our planet.
Waste materials are disposed of in a variety of ways.	The city disposes of waste materials in a variety of ways.

Jika ingin mengatakan siapa atau apa yang melakukan suatu tindakan dalam kalimat pasif, kita menggunakan preposisi by. Saat kita mengetahui siapa yang melakukan tindakan itu dan tertarik dengan subjeknya, lebih baik kita mengubahnya ke kalimat aktif.

Pasif	Aktif
"A Hard Day's Night" was written by the Beatles.	The Beatles wrote "A Hard Day's Night".
The movie ET was directed by Spielberg.	Spielberg directed the movie ET.
This house was built by my father.	My father built this house.

MEMBENTUK PASSIVE VOICE

Kalimat pasif dalam bahasa Inggris terdiri dari dua unsur:
bentuk kata kerja to be yang sesuai + past participle

Positif	Negatif	Pertanyaan	Pertanyaan Negatif
The house was built in 1899.	The house wasn't built in 1899.	Was the house built in 1899?	Wasn't the house built in 1899?
These houses were built in 1899.	These houses weren't built in 1899.	Were these houses built in 1899?	Weren't these houses built in 1899?

TO CLEAN, PASSIVE VOICE

Subjek	+ to be (disesuaikan)	+ past participle	+ sisa kalimat
Simple present
The house	is	cleaned	every day.
Present continuous
The house	is being	cleaned	at the moment.
Simple past
The house	was	cleaned	yesterday.
Past continuous
The house	was being	cleaned	last week.
Present perfect
The house	has been	cleaned	since you left.
Past perfect
The house	had been	cleaned	before they arrived.
Future
The house	will be	cleaned	next week.
Future continuous
The house	will be being	cleaned	tomorrow.
Present conditional
The house	would be	cleaned	if they had visitors.
Past conditional
The house	would have been	cleaned	if it had been dirty.
Inifinitive
The house	must be	cleaned	before we arrive.

PASSIVE VOICE DENGAN INFINITIVE

Kalimat pasif infinitive digunakan setelah modal kata kerja (modal verb), dan kata kerja lainnya biasanya diikuti oleh infinitive.

CONTOH

·         You have to be tested on your English grammar.

·         John might be promoted next year.

·         She wants to be invited to the party.

·         I expect to be surprised on my birthday.

·         You may be disappointed.

PASSIVE VOICE DENGAN GERUND

Gerund digunakan setelah preposisi, dan kata kerja biasanya diikuti oleh gerund.

CONTOH

·         I remember being taught to drive.

·         The children are excited about being taken to the zoo.

·         The children are excited to be taken to the zoo.

·         Most film stars hate being interviewed.

·         Most film stars hate to be interviewed.

·         Poodles like to be pampered.

·         Poodles like being pampered.

MENGGUNAKAN 'TO BE BORN'

To be born adalah bentuk pasif dan biasanya digunakan dalam bentuk past tense. Namun, dalam beberapa kasus, present atau future tense dapat digunakan.

·         CONTOH

·         I was born in 1976.

·         Where were you born?

·         Around 100 babies are born in this hospital every week.

·         We don't know on exactly which day the baby will be born.

Terkadang, kalimat pasif dibentuk menggunakan kata kerja to get atau to have, dan bukan to be. Anda dapat membentuk kalimat yang memiliki makna pasif tetapi bukan dalam bentuk pasif menggunakan kata kerja to get atau kata kerja to have yang menggantikan kata kerja to be. Pola ini sering kali mendeskripsikan situasi di mana kita ingin orang lain melakukan sesuatu untuk kita atau di mana kita akan mempekerjakan seseorang untuk melakukan sesuatu untuk kita. Subjeknya aktif, tetapi subjek hanya melakukan bagian "getting". Orang lain yang tidak diketahui namanyalah yang akan melakukan tindakan dari kata kerja utama dalam kalimat. Orang kedua itu tidak dijelaskan dalam kalimat saat kalimat memiliki makna pasif. Kita lebih tertarik dengan hasil dari aktivitas atau tindakan daripada orang yang melakukan tindakan itu.

CONTOH

·         I must get my hair cut.

·         I must have my hair cut.

·         When are you going to get that window mended?

·         We're having the house painted.

Jenis pola ini dapat merujuk ke berakhir atau selesainya suatu aktivitas atau kejadian, terutama jika ekspresi waktu digunakan.

CONTOH

·         We'll get the work done as soon as possible.

·         I'll get those letters typed before lunchtime.

·         She said she'd have my lunch delivered by noon.

·         You should have your roof repaired before next winter.

Jika kata kerja merujuk ke sesuatu yang tidak diinginkan, kalimat memiliki arti yang sama seperti kalimat pasif.

CONTOH

·         Jim had his car stolen last night.

·         Jim's car was stolen.

·         They had their roof blown off in the storm.

·         Their roof was blown off in the storm.

MENGGUNAKAN 'TO NEED' DALAM BENTUK PASIF

Anda juga dapat menggunakan kata kerja to need yang diikuti oleh gerund dalam bentuk aktif dengan makna pasif. Hal penting yang harus kita pikirkan dalam kalimat-kalimat ini adalah orang atau benda yang akan dikenai oleh tindakan, bukan orang yang melakukan tindakan.

CONTOH

·         The ceiling needs painting.

·         The ceiling needs to be painted.

·         My hair needs cutting.

·         My hair needs to be cut.

·         That faucet needs fixing.

·         That faucet needs to be fixed.

CONTOH SOAL

       1.       I __(notice)___that a window had been left open. 

a.       Notice

b.       Was notice

c.       Had been notice

d.      Noticed

       2.       The date __ (confirm)__ by the committee.

a.       Confirmed

b.       Confirm

c.       Was confirm

d.       Had been confirm

       3.       Jupiters four moons ……. through a telescope by Galileo.

a.       Were first viewed

b.       First viewed

c.       Had been first viewed

d.       Were being first viewed\

       4.       Two tents for our camping would …….. by my mother.

a.       Being bought

b.      Be bought

c.       Bought

d.       Been buying

       5.       We can see many beautiful paintings in this exhibition. They were ……. by famous Indonesian     painter.

a.       Painting

b.       Paint

c.       Painted

d.       Being painting

       6.       Somebody cleans the room every day.
        Passive voice is:

a.       The room was clean by somebody every day.

b.      The room is cleaned by somebody every day.

c.       The room is clean by somebody every day.

d.       Somebody has cleaned the room every day.

       7.       The proposal____ discussed when I called the office this morning.

a.       was being

b.       Been

c.       Being

d.       Have been

       8.       _____Occasions for congratulations.

a.       Birthday that usually considered

b.       usually considering birthdays

c.       Birthdays are usually considered

d.       that considered birthday usually

       9.       My father fixed the car yesterday.
Passive voice is:

a.       My father was fixed the car yesterday

b.       My father was being fixed the car yesterday.

c.       The car was fix by my father yesterday.

d.      The car was fixed by my father yesterday.

     10.   In november of 1863, the city of atlanta _____during sherman’s famous “march to the sea”

a.       was completely burned

b.       Completely was burned

c.       It was burned completely

d.       Completely burned it

     11.   Many books_____but one of the best is “how to win friends and influence people” by dale carniegie.

a.       have written about success

b.       Written about success

c.       Have been written about success

d.       About successful

     12.   Sam has taken an English course.
      Passive voice is:

a.       Sam has been taken an English course.

b.       An English course taken by Sam.

c.       An English course has been taken by Sam.

d.       English courses have taken by Sam.

     13.   One of the teachers rang the break bell to announce the student that it is break time, so the         examination …….. next time.

a.       is cancelled

b.       was cancelled

c.       will canceled

d.      will be cancelled

     14.   My hair ……….. by my mom yesterday.

a.       were cut

b.       has been cut

c.       had been cut

d.       will be cut

     15.   The students are using computers now.
      Passive voice is:

a.       The computers are being used by the students now.

b.       The computers are used by them now.

c.       The computers were used by them now.

d.       Computers is being used by them now.

     16.   The old man had cut some trees near his shop.

a.       Some trees has been cut by the old man near his shop.

b.       Some trees was cut by the old man near his shop.

c.       Some trees near his shop had been cut by the old man.

d.       Some trees near his shop have been cut by the old man.

     17.   Andi took many pictures of nice places during his holiday last week.

a.       Many pictures of nice places during his holiday last week are taken by Andi.

b.       Many pictures of nice places were taken by Andi during his holiday last week.

c.       Many pictures of nice places during his holiday last week were taking by Andi.

d.       Many pictures of nice places have taken by Andi during his holiday last week.

    18.   The room has been cleaned by Frieda just now.

a.       Frieda has been cleaned the room just now.

b.       Frieda had cleaned the room just now.

c.       Frieda has cleaned the room just now.

d.       Frieda is cleaning the room just now.

    19.   My orange juice was drunk by Romeo this morning.

a.       Romeo drank my orange juice this morning.

b.       Romeo drunk my orange juice this morning.

c.       Romeo will drink my orange juice this morning.

d.       Romeo drinks my orange juice this morning.

    20.   A new novel is being read by Vira now.

a.       Vira is being reading a new novel now.

b.       Vira being reading a new novel now.

c.       Vira was reading a new novel now.

d.       Vira is reading a new novel now.

Sumber :

•        https://www.bahasainggris.co.id/contoh-soal-passive-voice-beserta-jawaban-dan-penjelasan/
•        https://www.ef.co.id/panduan-bahasa-inggris/tata-bahasa-inggris/cara-alternatif-untuk-membentuk-kalimat-pasif/
•      https://www.ef.co.id/panduan-bahasa-inggris/tata-bahasa-inggris/passive-voice/
•     https://www.pustakabahasainggris.com/10-contoh-soal-passive-voice-beserta-jawaban-dan-penjelasannya/
•      https://www.ruangseni.com/contoh-soal-tentang-active-passive-voice/
•     https://www.sekolahbahasainggris.co.id/kumpulan-contoh-soal-passive-voice-dalam-bahasa-inggris-beserta-kunci-jawaban/