FUNGSI DARI PASSIVE VOICE
Kalimat
pasif atau passive voice digunakan untuk menunjukkan ketertarikan
pada seseorang atau objek yang dikenai tindakan dan bukan seseorang atau objek
yang melakukan tindakan. Jadi, hal atau orang yang terpenting akan menjadi
subjek kalimat.
CONTOH
·
The
passive voice is used frequently. (= kita tertarik dengan kalimat
pasif, bukan siapa yang menggunakannya.)
·
The
house was built in 1654. (= kita tertarik dengan rumahnya, bukan
siapa yang membangunnya.)
·
The
road is being repaired. (= kita tertarik dengan jalannya, bukan siapa yang
melakukan perbaikan.)
Terkadang,
kita menggunakan kalimat pasif karena kita tidak mengetahui atau tidak ingin
menyatakan siapa yang melakukan tindakan.
CONTOH
·
Every
year thousands of people are killed on our roads.
·
All
the cookies have been eaten.
·
My
car has been stolen!
Kalimat
pasif sering digunakan dalam teks formal. Mengubahnya menjadi kalimat aktif akan
membuat tulisan Anda lebih jelas dan lebih mudah dibaca.
Pasif
|
Aktif
|
A great deal of meaning is conveyed by a
few well-chosen words.
|
A few well-chosen words convey a great
deal of meaning.
|
Our planet is wrapped in a mass of gases.
|
A mass of gases wrap around our planet.
|
Waste materials are disposed of in a
variety of ways.
|
The city disposes of waste materials in a
variety of ways.
|
Jika
ingin mengatakan siapa atau apa yang melakukan suatu tindakan dalam kalimat
pasif, kita menggunakan preposisi by. Saat kita mengetahui siapa yang
melakukan tindakan itu dan tertarik dengan subjeknya, lebih baik kita
mengubahnya ke kalimat aktif.
Pasif
|
Aktif
|
"A Hard Day's Night" was written by the
Beatles.
|
The Beatles wrote "A Hard Day's
Night".
|
The movie ET was directed by Spielberg.
|
Spielberg directed the movie ET.
|
This house was built by my father.
|
My father built this house.
|
MEMBENTUK PASSIVE VOICE
Kalimat
pasif dalam bahasa Inggris terdiri dari dua unsur:
bentuk kata kerja to be yang sesuai + past participle
bentuk kata kerja to be yang sesuai + past participle
Positif
|
Negatif
|
Pertanyaan
|
Pertanyaan Negatif
|
The house was built in 1899.
|
The house wasn't built in 1899.
|
Was the house built in 1899?
|
Wasn't the house built in 1899?
|
These houses were built in 1899.
|
These houses weren't built in 1899.
|
Were these houses built in 1899?
|
Weren't these houses built in 1899?
|
TO
CLEAN, PASSIVE VOICE
Subjek
|
+ to be (disesuaikan)
|
+ past participle
|
+ sisa kalimat
|
Simple present
|
|||
The house
|
is
|
cleaned
|
every day.
|
Present continuous
|
|||
The house
|
is being
|
cleaned
|
at the moment.
|
Simple past
|
|||
The house
|
was
|
cleaned
|
yesterday.
|
Past continuous
|
|||
The house
|
was being
|
cleaned
|
last week.
|
Present perfect
|
|||
The house
|
has been
|
cleaned
|
since you left.
|
Past perfect
|
|||
The house
|
had been
|
cleaned
|
before they arrived.
|
Future
|
|||
The house
|
will be
|
cleaned
|
next week.
|
Future continuous
|
|||
The house
|
will be being
|
cleaned
|
tomorrow.
|
Present conditional
|
|||
The house
|
would be
|
cleaned
|
if they had visitors.
|
Past conditional
|
|||
The house
|
would have been
|
cleaned
|
if it had been dirty.
|
Inifinitive
|
|||
The house
|
must be
|
cleaned
|
before we arrive.
|
PASSIVE VOICE DENGAN INFINITIVE
Kalimat
pasif infinitive digunakan setelah modal kata kerja (modal verb), dan
kata kerja lainnya biasanya diikuti oleh infinitive.
CONTOH
·
You have
to be tested on your English grammar.
·
John might
be promoted next year.
·
She wants
to be invited to the party.
·
I expect
to be surprised on my birthday.
·
You may
be disappointed.
PASSIVE VOICE DENGAN GERUND
Gerund digunakan
setelah preposisi, dan kata kerja biasanya diikuti oleh gerund.
CONTOH
·
I remember
being taught to drive.
·
The
children are excited about being taken to the zoo.
·
The
children are excited to be taken to the zoo.
·
Most
film stars hate being interviewed.
·
Most
film stars hate to be interviewed.
·
Poodles like
to be pampered.
·
Poodles like
being pampered.
MENGGUNAKAN 'TO BE BORN'
To
be born adalah bentuk pasif dan biasanya digunakan dalam bentuk past
tense. Namun, dalam beberapa kasus, present atau future
tense dapat digunakan.
·
CONTOH
·
I was
born in 1976.
·
Where were
you born?
·
Around
100 babies are born in this hospital every week.
·
We
don't know on exactly which day the baby will be born.
Terkadang,
kalimat pasif dibentuk menggunakan kata kerja to get atau to
have, dan bukan to be. Anda dapat membentuk kalimat yang memiliki makna
pasif tetapi bukan dalam bentuk pasif menggunakan kata kerja to get atau kata kerja to
have yang menggantikan kata kerja to be. Pola ini sering kali
mendeskripsikan situasi di mana kita ingin orang lain melakukan sesuatu untuk
kita atau di mana kita akan mempekerjakan seseorang untuk melakukan sesuatu
untuk kita. Subjeknya aktif, tetapi subjek hanya melakukan bagian
"getting". Orang lain yang tidak diketahui namanyalah yang akan
melakukan tindakan dari kata kerja utama dalam kalimat. Orang kedua itu tidak
dijelaskan dalam kalimat saat kalimat memiliki makna pasif. Kita lebih tertarik
dengan hasil dari aktivitas atau tindakan daripada orang yang melakukan
tindakan itu.
CONTOH
·
I
must get my hair cut.
·
I
must have my hair cut.
·
When
are you going to get that window mended?
·
We're having
the house painted.
Jenis
pola ini dapat merujuk ke berakhir atau selesainya suatu aktivitas atau
kejadian, terutama jika ekspresi waktu digunakan.
CONTOH
·
We'll get
the work done as soon as possible.
·
I'll get
those letters typed before lunchtime.
·
She
said she'd have my lunch delivered by noon.
·
You
should have your roof repaired before next winter.
Jika kata
kerja merujuk ke sesuatu yang tidak diinginkan, kalimat memiliki arti yang sama
seperti kalimat pasif.
CONTOH
·
Jim had
his car stolen last night.
·
Jim's
car was stolen.
·
They had
their roof blown off in the storm.
·
Their
roof was blown off in the storm.
MENGGUNAKAN 'TO NEED' DALAM BENTUK
PASIF
Anda
juga dapat menggunakan kata kerja to need yang diikuti
oleh gerund dalam bentuk aktif dengan makna pasif. Hal penting yang
harus kita pikirkan dalam kalimat-kalimat ini adalah orang atau benda yang akan
dikenai oleh tindakan, bukan orang yang melakukan tindakan.
CONTOH
·
The
ceiling needs painting.
·
The
ceiling needs to be painted.
·
My
hair needs cutting.
·
My
hair needs to be cut.
·
That
faucet needs fixing.
·
That
faucet needs to be fixed.
CONTOH
SOAL
1.
I
__(notice)___that a window had been left open.
a.
Notice
b.
Was
notice
c.
Had
been notice
d. Noticed
2.
The
date __ (confirm)__ by the committee.
a.
Confirmed
b.
Confirm
c.
Was confirm
d.
Had
been confirm
3.
Jupiters
four moons ……. through a telescope by Galileo.
a. Were
first viewed
b.
First
viewed
c.
Had
been first viewed
d.
Were
being first viewed\
4.
Two
tents for our camping would …….. by my mother.
a.
Being
bought
b. Be
bought
c.
Bought
d.
Been
buying
5.
We
can see many beautiful paintings in this exhibition. They were ……. by famous
Indonesian painter.
a.
Painting
b.
Paint
c. Painted
d.
Being
painting
6.
Somebody
cleans the room every day.
Passive voice is:
Passive voice is:
a.
The
room was clean by somebody every day.
b. The
room is cleaned by somebody every day.
c.
The
room is clean by somebody every day.
d.
Somebody
has cleaned the room every day.
7.
The
proposal____ discussed when I called the office this morning.
a. was
being
b.
Been
c.
Being
d.
Have
been
8.
_____Occasions
for congratulations.
a.
Birthday
that usually considered
b.
usually
considering birthdays
c. Birthdays
are usually considered
d.
that
considered birthday usually
9.
My
father fixed the car yesterday.
Passive voice is:
Passive voice is:
a.
My
father was fixed the car yesterday
b.
My
father was being fixed the car yesterday.
c.
The
car was fix by my father yesterday.
d. The
car was fixed by my father yesterday.
10.
In
november of 1863, the city of atlanta _____during sherman’s famous “march to
the sea”
a. was
completely burned
b.
Completely
was burned
c.
It
was burned completely
d.
Completely
burned it
11.
Many
books_____but one of the best is “how to win friends and influence people” by
dale carniegie.
a.
have
written about success
b.
Written
about success
c. Have
been written about success
d.
About
successful
12.
Sam
has taken an English course.
Passive voice is:
Passive voice is:
a.
Sam
has been taken an English course.
b.
An
English course taken by Sam.
c. An
English course has been taken by Sam.
d.
English
courses have taken by Sam.
13.
One
of the teachers rang the break bell to announce the student that it is break
time, so the examination …….. next time.
a.
is
cancelled
b.
was
cancelled
c.
will
canceled
d. will
be cancelled
14.
My
hair ……….. by my mom yesterday.
a.
were
cut
b.
has
been cut
c.
had
been cut
d.
will
be cut
15.
The
students are using computers now.
Passive voice is:
Passive voice is:
a.
The computers are being used by the
students now.
b.
The
computers are used by them now.
c.
The
computers were used by them now.
d.
Computers
is being used by them now.
16.
The
old man had cut some trees near his shop.
a.
Some
trees has been cut by the old man near his shop.
b.
Some
trees was cut by the old man near his shop.
c.
Some trees near his shop had been
cut by the old man.
d.
Some
trees near his shop have been cut by the old man.
17.
Andi
took many pictures of nice places during his holiday last week.
a.
Many
pictures of nice places during his holiday last week are taken by Andi.
b.
Many pictures of nice places were
taken by Andi during his holiday last week.
c.
Many
pictures of nice places during his holiday last week were taking by Andi.
d.
Many
pictures of nice places have taken by Andi during his holiday last week.
18.
The
room has been cleaned by Frieda just now.
a.
Frieda
has been cleaned the room just now.
b.
Frieda
had cleaned the room just now.
c.
Frieda has cleaned the room just
now.
d.
Frieda
is cleaning the room just now.
19.
My
orange juice was drunk by Romeo this morning.
a.
Romeo drank my orange juice this
morning.
b.
Romeo
drunk my orange juice this morning.
c.
Romeo
will drink my orange juice this morning.
d.
Romeo
drinks my orange juice this morning.
20.
A
new novel is being read by Vira now.
a.
Vira
is being reading a new novel now.
b.
Vira
being reading a new novel now.
c.
Vira
was reading a new novel now.
d.
Vira is reading a new novel now.
Sumber :
- https://www.bahasainggris.co.id/contoh-soal-passive-voice-beserta-jawaban-dan-penjelasan/
- https://www.ef.co.id/panduan-bahasa-inggris/tata-bahasa-inggris/cara-alternatif-untuk-membentuk-kalimat-pasif/
- https://www.ef.co.id/panduan-bahasa-inggris/tata-bahasa-inggris/passive-voice/
- https://www.pustakabahasainggris.com/10-contoh-soal-passive-voice-beserta-jawaban-dan-penjelasannya/
- https://www.ruangseni.com/contoh-soal-tentang-active-passive-voice/
- https://www.sekolahbahasainggris.co.id/kumpulan-contoh-soal-passive-voice-dalam-bahasa-inggris-beserta-kunci-jawaban/
